Personal Identification by Keystroke Pattern for Login Security

This thesis discusses the Neural Network (NN) approach in identifying personnel through keystroke behavior in the login session. The keystroke rhythm that falls in the behavioral biometric has a unique pattern for each individual. Therefore, these heterogeneous data obtained from normal behavior users can be used to detect intruders in a computer system. The keystroke behavior was captured in the form of time within the duration between the pressing and releasing of key was recorded during the login session. Ten frequent loggers were chosen for the experiments. The data obtained were presented to NN for pattern learning and classifying the strings of characters. The backpropagation (BP) model was implemented to identify the keystroke patterns for each class.Various architectures were employed in the SP training to achieve the best recognition rate. Several features that influence the network were considered. The experiment involved the slicing of input data and the determination of the number of hidden units. Several other factors such as momentum, learning rate and various weight initialization were used for comparison. Three types of weight initialization were used, including Nguyen-Widrow (NW), Random and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The experiment showed that the recognition of 97% was achieved using NW weight initialization with 10 hidden units. Further experiments with Improved Error Function (IEF) in standard SP has showed better results with 100% recognition on both train and test data set compared to previous experiment. The results of this study were compared with Chambers's (1990) and Obaidat's (1994) work. Chambers used the data set similar to the data used in this experiment and obtained 90.5% recognition through Inductive Learning Classifier method, while Obaidat used standard BP with 6 classes and obtained 97.5% recognition

Penilaian Kriteria Penarafan Sukuk Di Rating Agency Malaysia (RAM)

Pertumbuhan signifikan dalam pasaran modal Islam (PMI) didorong oleh kewujudan sukuk sebagai platform untuk mendapatkan dana dalam aktiviti pelaburan. Situasi ini mencerminkan peningkatan tahap keyakinan terhadap pasaran sukuk sama ada di peringkat global mahupun tempatan The significant growth in Islamic capital market (ICM) is driven by the existence of sukuk as a platform to raise funds in investment activities. This situation reflects the increased level of confidence in the sukuk market, either globally or locall

Requirement Model for Local Government Enterprise Information Portal (EIP)

The purposes of this project are to identify the characteristics of local government Enterprise Information Portal (EIP), review the various methods use in capturing the requirement, and define a requirement model for local government Enterprise Information Portal. A requirement model is important as it serves as a good starting point for system developers to understand users' requirement, and it saves time, resources, and cost, reduces risk, improves effectiveness and efficiency and reduces ambiguity. The study focuses on two local governments portals for the purpose of requirement capture. The local governments' portals chose are Subang Jaya Municipal Council (MPSJ) portal, and Ampang Jaya Municipal Council (MPAJ) portal. Besides that Kota Star Municipal Council (MPKS) also becomes the fields of study to capture the users' requirements. The requirements captured from the MPSJ and MPAJ portals and requirements from MPKS are analysed and combined together to produce the requirements for local government in general. However due to time constraint this study only focuses on public user requirements. The requirements captured from the study are modeled out using Unified Modeling Language's UML notation. The models are use case packages, use case diagrams, and use case specification. Besides that systems architecture is also included. The prototyping technique is used to validate the requirements. In this technique, a simple prototype is developed by using PHP scripting language, MySQL Database server, Apache Web Server, and Macromedia Dreamweaver MX for interface. The portal system was validated using system requirements testing and Neilsen's Heuristic Evaluation method. It was concluded that, users requirements were met and the prototype system was operating well, however the functionality and interface of the prototypes were recommended for further improvement. This project concludes by discussing problems and limitations that were encountered in completing this project, and offers a few recommendations for future development in this subject

Satisfaction of customers towards claims management process at Anika Insurance Brokers Sdn Bhd / Norhayati Abdullah

The title of this project paper is “Satisfaction of Customers towards Claims Management Process at Anika Insurance Brokers Sdn Bhd. The objective of this research is to identify level of customer satisfaction and also to rank factors that contribute to satisfaction of customers towards claims management process by Anika Insurance Brokers Sdn Bhd. Therefore, the research is done in order to identify several reasons that might cause the problem. The factors such as services, knowledge, commitment and efficiency are studied. The sample size of this study is 50 respondents. The data are analyzed by using Statistical Programme for Social Science (SPSS). The finding shows that majority of the respondents are satisfied with services provided by Anika Insurance Brokers Sdn Bhd especially in claims department. Thus, the researcher will recommend based on all of the variables

Characterisation of pectins extracted from different parts of Malaysian durian rinds

Durian rinds are a potential source of pectin. The rinds consist of the outer layer of the fruit which is semiwoody and thorny and the inner layer, which is creamy white. Pectin may be present in varying amounts in different parts of the rind. Previous studies only investigated pectin content from the inner part of the rinds. Therefore, it is essential to provide scientific data on the pectin yield from whole durian rinds (including the thorns). Particularly, this information can be useful when preparing durian rinds for pectin extraction

The role of 24-hour intraocular pressure fluctuation on glaucoma progression in primary open angle claucoma

Introduction: The accurate assessment of patient’s intraocular pressure profile is critical in the management of primary open angle glaucoma. Although it is a multifactorial disease, IOP remain the only treatable risk factor for the condition. Currently, wide diurnal IOP fluctuation has been identified as an independent risk factor of glaucoma progression. Therefore a single IOP reading taken in our clinic will failed to detect diurnal IOP fluctuation in glaucoma patients. The recognition of diurnal IOP may also explain the progression of visual field in patients who appear to be controlled. Objectives: To study the pattern of 24-hour intraocular pressure fluctuation in primary open angle glaucoma patients and compare the 24 hours mean intraocular pressure, peak trough and IOP fluctuation between POAG patients with and without visual field progression. Patients and Methods: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted involving POAG patients. They divided into non-progressed and progressed group based on AGIS score. Patients were admitted in the ward and IOP measured by GAT at 4-hourly interval for 24-hour. Mean intraocular pressure, peak trough and IOP fluctuation IOP were compared between non-progressed and progressed groups. Analysis was conducted using repeated measure ANOVA and independent t-test A total of 68 patients (36 non-progressed and 32 progressed) were recruited. Mean age for all recruited patients were 68.3±8.6 years old. There was significant more Male among patient with progressed group than in non-progressed group (P=0.022). Mean follow-up was 6.7±3.8 years in progressed group and 5.0±2.6 years in non-progressed group. Patient in progressed group has significantly more moderate to severe glaucoma (P=0.001) and 71.9% of them were on more than two topical pressure lowering agents (P=0.001). There was significantly higher 24-hour mean peak IOP (P=0.001) and wider 24-hour mean IOP fluctuation (P=0.003) in progressed group compared to non-progressed group. There was significant higher mean IOP at 1200 hour in progressed group (P=0.003). Both group showed afternoon peak pattern. Conclusion: 24-hour IOP profile showed that there was significant higher 24-hour mean peak IOP and wider 24-hour mean IOP fluctuation found in progressed group. Both group showed pattern of afternoon peak

Performance analysis of pair-wise error probability for 1/3 and 1/4 subcarrier mapping ICI-SC scheme in STFBC MIMO-OFDM system / Norhayati Abdullah

In the latest development of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, the system performance can be distracted by the Frequency Offsets (FOs) which can demolish the orthogonality of the subcarriers, increases the Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) and can intensely deteriorate the system performance. As a result, Intercarrier Interference Self-Cancellation (ICI-SC) has been applied in numerous OFDM systems as a simple and impressive approach to overcome ICI. The need of higher data rates and improved coverage with an efficient bandwidth has revealed the potential of the combination of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as a powerful technique which can provide high data rates over frequency selective fading channels. ICI and maximum frequency diversity can also be achieved by manipulating the Space Time Frequency Block Codes (STFBCs) that uses spatial, time and frequency diversities which is implemented in the MIMO-OFDM system. The uncompromising frequency selective fading caused due to the multipath channel between the transmitter and the receiver and also the amount of time delay at the receiver from a signal travelling from the transmitter along different paths. This excess delay can cause both ISI to the adjacent OFDM symbols and the Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) within the same symbol. An equalization technique is appended at the receiver to overcome ICI and ISI. Evaluation of Pair-Wise Error Probability (PEP) performance using STFBC MIMO-OFDM ICI-SC technique with one third and quarter subcarrier mapping scheme to diminish ICI due to Frequency Offsets (FOs) is achieved. Adaptive algorithms is also implemented with the specific equalizer in order to further improve the system performance. Thus, the objective of this research is to minimize ICI and ISI effects through STFBC ICI-SC subcarrier mapping scheme and equalization techniques. The simulation results expressively show that the one third method subcarrier mapping technique with Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) and adaptive algorithm can provide the best system performance compared to the existing subcarrier mapping methods .The results shows that by using the one-third subcarrier mapping scheme with an adaptive algorithm Normalised Least Means Square (NLMS), an efficient bandwidth can be achieved, ICI and ISI effects can be reduced with 24% of improvement compared to one-third subcarrier mapping Recursive Least Square (RLS) DFE in the MIMO-OFDM system

Development and microbial characterization of aerobic granulation using palm oil mill effluent

Palm oil is widely used for food and non-food manufacturing industries and as a biofuel. The production of palm oil generates a large amount of solid and liquid wastes in the form of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME), respectively. As POME contributes to a high pollution process waste, the need to find an efficient and practical approach to preserve the environment is essential. Novel aerobic granular sludge is a compact consortium of self-immobilized bacteria with high rate biological wastewater treatability. This study is aimed at investigating aerobic granular sludge formation in lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using POME as substrate. The efficiency of aerobic granular sludge developed for the treatment of POME in corresponds to the structure of bacterial population is monitored. Aerobic granular sludge was developed at volumetric exchange rate (VER) of 50% and cycle duration of 3 hours at flow rate of 3 Lm-1 in reactors R1, R2 and R3 operated at OLR of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 kgCOD m-3d-1, respectively. Shock load conditions were introduced by increasing the OLR in R2 from 2.5 to 19 kgCOD m-3d-1. Aerobic granular sludge was successfully formed at an OLR of 2.5 and 3.5 kgCOD m-3d-1, respectively while bioflocs remained dominant in R1. Under shock loading rate, aerobic granular sludge was partially disintegrated due to mass transfer limitation within the granule. The average sizes of granules were between 1.0 mm to 4.0 mm. Upon steady state, COD removal efficiency of greater than 80% was recorded for all reactors. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) techniques were used to show that the bacterial population changes during aerobic granular sludge formation at different OLRs. The average Raup and Crick similarity indices obtained during the acclimation/granulation and the maturation phases were 0.95 ± 0.02 and 0.72 ± 0.06, respectively. Mature granules maintained good settling property and dominant granular morphology as evidenced by low SVI of 19.9 mL g-1 SS at 3.5 kgCOD m-3d-1. Visible bands from the DGGE profiles indicated the shift of bacterial population during the aerobic granulation process. Comamonadaceae sp., Leadbetterella sp. and Runella sp. are dominant bacteria that consistently present throughout the granulation process. Distribution of AOB in mature granule was confirmed by FISH technique thus contributing to efficient removal of ammonia in POME of > 80%. Despite the different OLRs, aerobic granular sludge formation was successfully achieved for the treatment of high strength wastewater such as POME

Characterisation of pectins extracted from different parts of Malaysian Durian rinds

Durian rinds are a potential source of pectin. The rinds consist of the outer layer of the fruit which is semiwoody and thorny and the inner layer, which is creamy white. Pectin may be present in varying amounts in different parts of the rind. Previous studies only investigated pectin content from the inner part of the rinds. Therefore, it is essential to provide scientific data on the pectin yield from whole durian rinds (including the thorns). Particularly, this information can be useful when preparing durian rinds for pectin extraction. Hence, this study aims to examine and compare the yield and characteristics of pectin extracted from the inner part (W-I) and whole durian rind (W-H). The results indicate that the pectin yield from W-I was significantly higher (23.97%) than that obtained from W-H. The characterisation results show that both pectins have similar characteristics. The pectins extracted from W-I and W-H were high methoxyl pectin (HMP) with degrees of esterification (DE) at 53.13% and 51.42% respectively. The purity of these pectins was comparable to that of commercial pectins. These findings could pave the way in achieving sustainable pectin production at an industrial scale

Environmental Engineering (Laboratory)

This module will give the students an understanding of the Environmental Engineering (Laboratory) for the course DAC 12203 offered by the Centre of Diploma Studies (CeDS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)